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teaching turkish
Language Classes - Lahore - June 10, 3 hours and 57 minutes ago
teaching french
Language Classes - Lahore - June 10, 4 hours and 5 minutes ago
0302 8200948 LEARN MODERN ARABIC LANGAUGE SPEAKING BY MUHAMMAD HANNAN AL HIJAZI 15 WEEKS
Language Classes - Karachi - June 10, 6 hours and 46 minutes ago
my name is talha
Language Classes - Karachi - June 9, 20 hours and 3 minutes ago
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ENGLISH LANGAUGE AND ARABIC LANGUAGE IN KARACHI JUST 3 MONTHS INDIVIDUAL CLASS – Karachi
English Language Courses
INTO Newcastle University
INTO Newcastle University is part of a rapidly growing, highly successful network of study centres. INTO offers English language support for:
current Newcastle University international students who want to improve their language and study skills
pre-university international students preparing for undergraduate and postgraduate study.
There are minimum entry requirements for all courses, a variety of start dates and different course durations.
English Langauge Courses
Current Students
Pre-university International Students
English language
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English language, member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages Germanic languages, subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, spoken by about 470 million people in many parts of the world, but chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere...... Click the link for more information. ). Spoken by about 470 million people throughout the world, English is the official language of about 45 nations. It is the mother tongue of about 60 million persons in the British Isles, from where it spread to many other parts of the world owing to British exploring, colonizing, and empire-building from the 17th through 19th cent. It is now also the first language of an additional 228 million people in the United States; 16.5 million in Canada; 17 million in Australia; 3 million in New Zealand and a number of Pacific islands; and approximately 15 million others in different parts of the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and Asia. As a result of such expansion, English is the most widely scattered of the great speech communities. It is also the most commonly used auxiliary language in the world. The United Nations uses English not only as one of its official languages but also as one of its two working languages.
There are many dialect areas; in England and S Scotland these are of long standing, and the variations are striking; the Scottish dialect especially has been cultivated literarily. There are newer dialect differences also, such as in the United States, including regional varieties such as Southern English, and cultural varieties, such as Black English. Standard forms of English differ also; thus, the standard British ("the king's English") is dissimilar to the several standard varieties of American and to Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and Indian English.
History of English
Today's English is the continuation of the language of the 5th-century Germanic invaders of Britain. No records exist of preinvasion forms of the language. The language most closely related to English is the West Germanic language Frisian Frisian language, member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages ). It has a number of dialects and is spoken by more than 300,000 people, most of whom speak West Frisian and live in..... Click the link for more information. . The history of English is an aspect of the history of the English people and their development. Thus in the 9th cent. the standard English was the dialect of dominant Wessex (see Anglo-Saxon literature Anglo-Saxon literature, the literary writings in Old English (see English language ), composed between c.650 and c.1100. See also English literature ...... Click the link for more information. ). The Norman Conquest Norman Conquest, period in English history following the defeat (1066) of King Harold of England by William, duke of Normandy, who became William I of England. The conquest was formerly thought to have brought about broad changes in all phases of English life...... Click the link for more information. (11th cent.) brought in foreign rulers, whose native language was Norman French; and English was eclipsed by French as the official language. When English became again (14th cent.) the language of the upper class, the capital was London, and the new standard (continued in Modern Standard English) was a London dialect.
It is convenient to divide English into periods—Old English (or Anglo-Saxon; to c.1150), Middle English (to c.1500; see Middle English literature Middle English literature, English literature of the medieval period, c.1100 to c.1500. See also English literature and Anglo-Saxon literature .
Background..... Click the link for more information. ), and Modern English; this division implies no discontinuity, for even the hegemony of French affected only a small percentage of the population. The English-speaking areas have expanded at all periods. Before the Normans the language was spoken in England and S Scotland, but not in Cornwall, Wales, or, at first, in Strathclyde. English has not completely ousted the Celtic languages Celtic languages, subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. At one time, during the Hellenistic period, Celtic speech extended all the way from Britain and the Iberian Peninsula in the west across Europe to Asia Minor in the east, where a district still..... Click the link for more information. from the British Isles, but it has spread vastly overseas.
A Changed and Changing Language
Like other languages, English has changed greatly, albeit imperceptibly, so that an English speaker of 1300 would not have understood the English of 500 nor the English of today. Changes of every sort have taken place concomitantly in the sounds (phonetics), in their distribution (phonemics), and in the grammar (morphology and syntax). The following familiar words show changes of 1,000 years: The changes are more radical than they appear, for Modern English ō and ā are diphthongs. The words home, stones, and name exemplify the fate of unaccented vowels, which became ə, then ə disappeared. In Old English important inflectional contrasts depended upon the difference between unaccented vowels; so, as these vowels coalesced into ə and this disappeared, much of the case system disappeared too. In Modern English a different technique, word order (subject + predicate + object), is used to show what a case contrast once did, namely, which is the actor and which the goal of the action.
Although the pronunciation of English has changed greatly since the 15th cent., the spelling of English words has altered very little over the same period. As a result, English spelling is not a reliable guide to the pronunciation of the language.
The vocabulary of English has naturally expanded, but many common modern words are derived from the lexicon of the earliest English; e.g., bread, good, and shower. From words acquired with Latin Christianity come priest, bishop, and others; and from words adopted from Scandinavian settlers come root, egg, take, window, and many more. French words, such as castle, began to come into English shortly before the Norman Conquest. After the Conquest, Norman French became the language of the court and of official life, and it remained so until the end of the 14th cent.
During these 300 or more years English remained the language of the common people, but an increasingly large number of French words found their way into the language, so that when the 14th-century vernacular revival, dominated by Chaucer and Wyclif, restored English to its old place as the speech of all classes, the French element in the English vocabulary was very considerable. To this phase of French influence belong most legal terms (such as judge, jury, tort, and assault) and words denoting social ranks and institutions (such as duke, baron, peer, countess, and parliament), together with a great number of other words that cannot be classified readily—e.g., honor, courage, season, manner, study, feeble, and poor. Since nearly all of these French words are ultimately derived from Late Latin, they may be regarded as an indirect influence of the classical languages upon the English vocabulary.
The direct influence of the classical languages began with the Renaissance and has continued ever since; even today Latin and Greek roots are the chief source for English words in science and technology (e.g., conifer, cyclotron, intravenous, isotope, polymeric, and telephone). During the last 300 years the borrowing of words from foreign languages has continued unchecked, so that now most of the languages of the world are represented to some extent in the vocabulary. English vocabulary has also been greatly expanded by the blending of existing words (e.g., smog from smoke and fog) and by back-formations (e.g., burgle from burglar), whereby a segment of an existing word is treated as an affix and dropped, resulting in a new word, usually with a related meaning.
Bibliography
See H. L. Mencken, The American Language (rev. 4th ed. 1963); G. W. Turner, The English Language in Australia and New Zealand (1966);M. Pei, The Story of the English Language (new ed. 1968); P. Roberts, Modern Grammar (1968); M. M. Orkin, Speaking Canadian English (1971); T. Pyles and J. Algeo, The Origins and Development of the English Language (3d ed. 1982); W. F. Bolton, A Living Language (1982); B. Kachru, ed., The Other Tongue (1982); R. Hudson, Invitation to Linguistics (1984); J. Baugh, Black Street Speech (1985); The Random House Dictionary of the English Language (2d ed. 1987).
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The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia® Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/
English language
Language belonging to the Germanic languages branch of the Indo-European language family, widely spoken on six continents. The primary language of the U.S., Britain, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and various Caribbean and Pacific island nations, it is also an official language of India, the Philippines, and many sub-Saharan African countries. It is the second most widely spoken native language in the world, the mother tongue of more than 350 million people, the most widely taught foreign language, and the international language of science and business. English relies mainly on word order (usually subject-verb-object) to indicate relationships between words (see syntax). Written in the Latin alphabet, it is most closely related to Frisian, German, and Dutch. Its history began with the migration of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons from Germany and Denmark to Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought many French words into English. Greek and Latin words began to enter it in the 15th century, and Modern English is usually dated from 1500. English easily borrows words from other languages and has coined many new words to reflect advances in technology.
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New groups starting from 1-April-2009. Admission open
INTRODUCTIONDear StudentsThis is a Self-Access Package (SAP) to help you deal with the New Course in English "INTERACT IN ENGLISH", a new strategy for learning. Here are some worries expressed by students of 'Mushroomed' language centres after completing their language course. "How have we been learning English? The following are some of the activities we may have been practising in the class rooms.
Learning literature thoroughly.
Learning structures.
translating for understanding.
drilling grammar rules.
testing grammar through isolated sentences. What our teachers have been doing!
Making students listen to them.
Dictating answers to ensure correct responses.These practices were based on certain, beliefs about language teaching in vogue in different decades. In the past it was believed that one could learn the use of language by getting the knowledge of the structures and vocabulary. Little attention was paid to the actual use of the language in the real world. We all have experienced that, at its best, these techniques, drawn from various approaches, gave the learner the ability to produce grammatically accurate sentences but without the ability to use the language effectively for communication.
How is the New Course "INTERACT IN ENGLISH" different? IT :
is based on the needs of the students and develops their language skills.
uses and extracts from real life situations.
is learner centred/learner active.
provides a number of opportunities for students to speak English.
helps the learner to become self-reliant.
provides opportunities for students to interact in groups and pairs.
promotes the students ability to communicate.
involves learners in more meaningful tasks.
makes use of audio tapes to develop listening skills.
sees the teacher as a manager of learning. What is the Communicative approach ? The communicative approach is a way of teaching English in which students learn to communicate naturally and confidently. This means that they develop the skill to read, write, speak and listen to English in real life situations. "INTERACT IN ENGLISH" is based on the `Communicative Approach (for further elaboration please contact me at my phone numbers given below.)
The new role of the teacher:
Does not dominate the class.
Sets up learning activities and tasks, thus provides opportunities for students active involvement.
Acts as a guide and advisor wherever necessary but does not constantly interfere.
Acts as a facilitator - making learning possible.
The new role of the student:
No longer a passive listener.
Takes an active part in class room activities.
Is encouraged to become self-reliant.
Finds learning meaningful since it is based on real needs.
The new role of Examinations :
Do not test memory.
Test communication skills in English.
Words by teacher:I make a promise to each of my students that every effort will be made to ensure the highest standard of tuition possible. It's not enough to just 'teach' you, I want to help English become yours!. Saima Naseem Khan
Take our free Self-test on learning English language to determine your level:This test will help you to test yourself. It will show you how quickly you will learn English. Go to the test
How to contact meFor further information regarding this course, feel free to contact at (92-21) 4385978, 0345-2410728.Campus: Marine Faisal, suit # 409, 4th Floor, 10/A, Block-6, P.E.C.H.S, Near Hotel Faran, Sharah-e-Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan. Tel: 92-21-4385978,
Index to Grammar Materials
Basics
Parts of Speech (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Nouns
Regular Plurals of Nouns (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Irregular Plurals of Nouns (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Count and Non-Count Nouns (Introduction & 2 exercises)
How to Count Non-Count Nouns (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Count and Non-Count Nouns (Review) (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Verbs
Tenses:
Forming the Simple Present Tense (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Negatives and Questions in the Simple Present Tense (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Forming the Present Continuous Tense (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Negatives and Questions in the Present Continuous Tense (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Simple Present or Present Continuous? (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Forming the Simple Past Tense (Regular Verbs) (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Forming the Simple Past Tense (Irregular Verbs) (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Negatives and Questions in the Simple Past Tense (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Forming the and Using the Past Continuous Tense (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Forming the Present Perfect Tense (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Using the Present Perfect Tense (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Present Perfect Tense (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Present Perfect and Simple Past (Introduction & 5 exercises)
The Future with "Will" (Introduction & 2 exercises)
The Future with "Be Going To" (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Four Ways to Talk About the Future (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Past Perfect Tense (Introduction and 2 exercises)
Stative and Dynamic Verbs (Introduction and 2 exercises) Past Tenses in Narrative (Introduction & 1 exercise)-->Voice:
The Passive Voice (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)
-->
Gerunds and Infinitives:
Gerunds (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Gerunds and Infinitives (Introduction & 6 exercises)
Modals:
Modals: "Don't have to" and "Mustn't" (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Conditionals
Zero Conditional (Introduction & 1 exercise)
First Conditional (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Second Conditional (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Third Conditional (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Which Conditional Should I Use? (1 exercise)
Causatives
Causatives (Introduction and 2 exercises)
Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Possessive Pronouns (Review) (1 exercise)
Reflexive Pronouns (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Impersonal "It" and "There" (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Adjectives
Regular Comparatives and Superlatives (Introduction & 6 exercises)
Adjective Order (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Adjective Clauses (Introduction & 3 exercises)
Adjective Clauses (Review) (Introduction & 4 puzzles)
Adverbs
Adverbs (Introduction and 2 exercises)
Adverb Phrases (Introduction and 2 exercises)
Adverb Clauses (Introduction and 1 exercise) Sequence Words (Handout) (Introduction)-->
Articles/Determiners
Choosing the Correct Article (Decision Tree)
Some and Any (Introduction and 1 exercise)
Prepositions
Basic Prepositions (Introduction & 1 exercise) Prepositions of Location (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)-->
Conjunctions, Transitions and Linking
Basic Coordinating Conjunctions (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Basic Subordinating Conjunctions (Introduction & 2 exercises) Linking Words and Phrases (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Cause and Effect Linking Words and Phrases (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)
Linking Words and Phrases for Comparison (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)-->
Punctuation:
Using Commas (Introduction & 2 exercises)
Using Colons and Semi-Colons (Introduction and 1 exercise)
Others
Practice Making Basic Questions (14 exercises) Words and Phrases for Introducing Examples (Handout) (Introduction)
Using a Thesaurus (Handout) (Introduction & 1 exercise)-->
earning English Online
A selection of the best English language learning websites to help you improve your English. You can find websites that will help with your grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary,writing and reading or that will provide a complete course for you with or without your own online teacher.
A Guide To Writing in English: Easily Confused Words
Select the word pair that you want to review:Word 1 Word 2 review accept except adoptive adopted adverse averse advice advise affect effect all ready already all together altogether allot a lot allusion illusion altar alter ambiguous ambivalent among between amoral immoral appraise apprise are our augur auger award reward bad badly beside besides brake break breathe breath by buy by bye can may canvas canvass capital capitol censure censor cite site clothes cloths coarse course compare contrast compare to compare with complement compliment consul counsel continuous continual council counsel decent descent definite definitive defuse diffuse delusion illusion delusion allusion descent dissent desert dessert discreet discrete draft draught egoism egotism envelop envelope flounder founder forth fourth good well grisly grizzly hear here hoard horde hole whole hour our imply infer incidence incidents incite insight instance instants insure ensure its it's knew new know no later latter lay lie lead led leave let loose lose luxuriant luxurious marital martial notable noticeable object subject officious official passed past peace piece perspicuous perspicacious plain plane pore pour precede proceed precedence precedent presence presents principal principle proscribe prescribe quiet quit quiet quite rain reign rain rein raise rise regretful regrettable sea see sit set site sight stationary stationery statue stature statue statute story storey than then their there their they're threw through to too to two tortuous torturous vain vein vain vane vociferous voracious waist waste weak week wear were wear where weather whether whether rather whose who's your you're
